火箭涡轮泵机械密封研究综述

机械密封作为一种适合在苛刻工况下使用的轴封形式,在火箭各类涡轮泵中得到了广泛应用。涡轮泵的特殊性给机械密封的应用带来了一系列问题。对火箭涡轮泵机械密封方面的研究概况进行简述。首先从高速旋转轴系中的机械密封动力学方面,介绍了高速工况下轴系与机械密封的耦合关系和机械密封主动控制的尝试;然后对火箭涡轮泵机械密封中的摩擦磨损与润滑问题进行了介绍,涉及高速摩擦磨损下的可靠性、热力耦合与变形问题、材料配副、流体膜形成机理与端面几何特征优化等各方面问题;最后介绍了涡轮泵带压长期贮存的工作特点造成的静态慢渗问题。

A Review of Mechanical Face Seal in Rocket Turbopump

As a type of shaft seal suitable for harsh conditions, mechanical face seal is widely used in turbopumps. A series of problems are brought by the special features of turbopump. Firstly, concerning the dynamics of mechanical face seal in high speed shafting, the researches on the coupling between shafting and seal are introduced, along with the development of active control on mechanical face seal. Then, the researches on friction, wear and lubrication are introduced, considering multiple problems including reliability under high speed wear, thermal mechanical coupling, material matching, fluid lubrication mechanism and geometric optimization. Finally the problem of leakage under static load, resulted from the long time storage of mechanical face seal on the turbopump, is introduced.