Possible evidence for a rigidity-dependent release of relativistic protons from the solar corona

A model of the time evolving relativistic solar proton spectra for the 7 May 1978 ground level solar cosmic ray event is presented. This event, with associated cosmic ray neutron monitor increases of over 100% and containing relativistic particles with energies greater than 10 GeV/nucleon was characterized by an extreme anisotropy and a rapidly evolving spectrum, particularly during the initial phase. The observational data from cosmic ray neutron monitors viewing in the anti-Sun direction (180° away from the initial solar particle direction) indicates that a back scatter pulse of 4% of the primary pulse was observed at the Earth 20 min after the event onset. Previous attempts to model the solar particle spectrum found consistent and systematic differences between the theoretically calculated cosmic ray increase and the actual increase as observed by neutron monitors. In order to reconcile these differences, we have concluded that the observational data give evidence for a rigidity dependent release of relativistic solar protons from the solar corona during the very early stages of this event.An invited paper presented at STIP Workshop on Shock Waves in the Solar Corona and Interplanetary Space, 15–19 June, 1980, Smolenice, Czechoslovakia.