应急救生时返回舱分离后的姿态运动研究

研究了低高度大气层内飞船应急返回时返回舱的姿态运动规律。返回舱分离后以非配平攻角飞行，大分离角速度和大气动力矩作用下其飞行姿态不稳定，必须利用自身的控制发动机和受到的气动力拒使其俯仰机动定位到大头朝前的姿态（呈配平飞行），仿真表明这需要一个较长的衰减振荡过程。一种通过实时调整质心位置以改变气动力矩大小，从而达到减小振幅、改善并缩短其振荡过程的方法被提出，它为宇航员承受过载和启动回收着陆系统创造了有利条件。

Attitude Motion of Return Module after Separation in Emergency Surviving

The attitude motion law of the return module in low - altitude endo- atmosphericemergency return of spaceship is studied in this paper. It is a non - timming-AoA (angle ofattack) flight wich a big separating angular relocity and aero - dynamic-moment after thereturn module is separated. The flight attittude is unstable. Self control engine and aero - dy-namic - moment must be used to hold a trimming - AoA fight, it is proved to be a rather longdamped oscillatory process by numerical simulation. By way of changing the value of aero -dynamic - moment by real - time adjusting the mass center of the module, a method to lessenthe amplitude and improve and shorten this oscillatory process is proposed in this pape. Itmakes a favorable condition to lessen overload to astronaut and to start the recovering - landingsystem easierly.