稀薄流中的光学诊断法

综述了ONERA(法国宇航院)在高超声速流中采用激光或电子束等光学技术实现非接触式精确测量上已取得的进展.点、视线和成像测量均属可能.点的测量采用X射线辐射和相干反-Stokes Raman散射(CARS)探测的电子束荧光(EBF)实现.不要求空间分辨率时,二极管激光吸收分光术给出沿一条线集成的结果.采用高能脉冲电子枪的EBF成像术也很有成效.在多种高超声速高焓设备中,旋转和振动的氮和氧化氮总量以及在激波和边界层中分辨旋转态的速度也都已做了测量.

Optical Diagnostics in Rarefied Flows

This article reviews the instrumental developments accomplished at ONERA in order to perform precise non-intrusive measurements of hypersonic flows using laser- and electron-beam-based optical techniques. Point line of sight and imaging measurements are possible. Point measurements have been implemented with Electron Beam Fluorescence (EBF) using detection of X-ray radiation and Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS). When spatial resolution is not required, diode laser absorption spectroscopy yields results integrated along a line. EBF imaging using a high energy pulsed electron gun is also quite promising. Rotational and vibrational populations of nitrogen and nitric oxide have been measured in various hypersonic hyperenthalpic facilities, as well as rotational state-resolved velocities in shocks and boundary layers.