精确轨道航天器的姿态机动策略选择

航天器姿态控制一直是地面飞控的核心,尤其对于有精确轨道控制要求的航天器,姿态控制的策略选择直接关系任务成败。探月三期月地高速再入返回任务对再入角有着严格要求,为了实现返回器高精度再入,在系统介绍服务舱的姿态控制模式、控制方法和控制流程的基础上,提出了利用修改相平面参数和轮控调姿,以建立轨控姿态,从而减少姿控喷气,并提高轨控精度的方法。飞行结果表明,中途修正的控制精度从最初的分米量级提高至0.009m/s。高精度轨道控制使得提前32h再入角控制精度达到0.024°,较设计指标提高1个数量级。文中提及的轮控调姿方法可作为未来深空探测任务姿态控制的设计参考。

Selection of Attitude Control Strategy for Precise Orbit Spacecraft

Attitude control of spacecraft is always the core of a ground control center.For a precise orbit spacecraft, attitude control strategy is directly related to success of the mission.The circumlunar return and reentry spacecraft of the third phase of Chinese lunar exploration program has strict requirements for reentry angle.In order to achieve high precision reentry, attitude control jet has been reduced significantly and orbit control accuracy is improved dramatically through phase plane parameter modification and momentum wheel control following introduction of the attitude control modes, methods and procedures.Flight results show that orbit correction accuracy increases from the initial decimeter level to 0.009 m/s, and the reentry angle accuracy reaches 0.024° in 32 hours advance, one level of improvement compared with design index.The momentum wheel attitude control mentioned in this paper can be used as reference for future deep space exploration mission attitude control system.