航天器舱内气体对流换热的地面模拟试验方法

对航天器舱内气体对流换热的地面模拟试验方法进行了系统地理论分析，包括热缩比模型法、降压法和浓度比拟法三种。分别给出了各种方法的相似律或相似准则及其应用的约束条件，并从原理上定性比较这三种方法的优缺点。分析表明，热缩比模型法在保持Ｒｅｙｎｏｌｄｓ数不变的前提下可明显减弱自然对流的影响，但这种方法不能用于工程原型；降压法可用工程原型进行模拟试验，但不能用于液体流动问题；然而这两种方法的共同缺点是都不能完全消除自然对流；浓度比拟法理论上可以完全消除自然对流，但约束条件多，工程实现困难。

THEORETICAL ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION ON ON GROUND TEST METHODS SIMULATING GAS HEAT AND MASS CONVECTION IN CABINS OF SPACECRAFTS

Three on ground test methods for simulating the gas convection,heat and mass transfer in the cabin of spacecrafts,have been analysed theoretically and discussed in the present paper,including thermal reducing scale modelling,reducing pressure modelling and mass convection comparison modelling.The laws or criteria of similitude and their application constraints in accordance with different simulating test methods are given.Their advantages and disadvantages were compared in principle.It is indicated that:(1)thermal Reducing scale modelling can obviously reduce the influence of natural convection if reynolds number is constant,but this test method can not be used for an engineering model;(2)reducing pressure modelling can be used for an engineering model,however,it can not be used for liquid flows:(3)mass convection comparison modelling can completely eliminate the natural convection,but it is very complicated and difficult in engineering applications.