新一代多用途载人飞船概念研究

在"神舟"载人飞船进入成熟稳定期后,中国有必要尽早启动新一代多用途载人飞船的论证和研制。本文对国外新一代载人飞船的技术方案特点、新的设计理念及发展现状进行了分析,从适应多任务、降低运营成本、钝头体气动外形、更高安全可靠性以及新型轻质材料使用等多个方面总结了国外新一代载人飞船的技术发展趋势。初步分析了中国发展新一代载人飞船的近地轨道、载人登月、载人登小行星、载人登火星等任务需求,基本确定了新一代飞船的总体性能参数,并在此基础上梳理了新一代载人飞船技术途径,初步提出了两种方案设想,为中国新一代载人飞船的研制提供参考。

Concept definition of new-generation multi-purpose manned spacecraft

With the Shenzhou spacecraft entering into the stage of maturity, it is of necessity to launch the research and development of a new-generation multi-purpose manned spacecraft. In this paper, we firstly generalize the technological characteristics, the design concept and the status quo of the foreign new-generation manned spacecraft. Based on this, we summarize their technological trend, i.e., multi-task adaption, cost reduction, bluntbody aerodynamic configuration, high safety reliability and new lightweight materials. Then, we primarily analyze the task requirements of China''s new-generation manned spacecraft, including low earth orbit flight mission, as well as manned flights to the Moon, the asteroid and the Mars. We basically set the parameters of the overall performance. Finally, we sort out the technological approaches of it and propose two design schemes, which could provide some reference for the research of China''s new-generation manned spacecraft.