航天服材料的静电吸附效应地面试验研究

航天员在轨出舱作业时，其穿戴的航天服面临空间尘粒污染的静电吸附增强效应问题，空间尘粒污染会对航天员的健康及仪器设备的安全稳定运行造成威胁。文章分析了空间站–航天服静电起电模型，研究了污染物粒子带电机理及带电尘粒在电场作用下的静电吸附过程；在此基础上搭建空间站–航天服电场的静电吸附效应地面模拟装置，并开展了4种航天服表面典型材料对空间中尘埃粒子的静电吸附效应试验验证。通过对试验结果的分析，提出后续应在航天员出舱活动中设计静电消除装置、处理航天服主体材料表面保持航天服洁净等建议。

Tests of electrostatic adsorption effect of spacesuit materials

The astronauts in spacesuit during their extra vehicular activities on orbit are threatened by the electrostatic adsorption enhancement effect of the space-particle pollution. The space-particle pollution could pose a threat to the safety of the astronauts’ health and the stability of the instrumental apparatus. To deal with this problem, an electrostatic charging model for the space station-oriented spacesuit is proposed, and the charging mechanism of the pollutant particles and the electrostatic adsorption process of the charged dust particles in the electric field are analyzed. On this basis, a ground simulation device for the electrostatic adsorption effect experiment in the space station-spacesuit electric field is built, and the simulation experiment is carried out with four simulative typical materials on the spacesuit surface. By analyzing the test results, suggestions for the design of the static current elimination devices and the treatment of the spacesuit surface in the astronauts' departure activities are put forward to keep the spacesuit clean.