航天器铁路运输中的大承载低频减振技术

针对航天器铁路运输过程中传统钢丝绳减振系统多采用定制化设计且难以对低频振动进行有效减振的局限，提出一种可适用于不同航天器的通用模块化复合减振单元，通过空气弹簧压力及流阻调节控制实现减振系统在不同承载条件下的阻尼调节。在单元组件级研制和试验验证基础上，开展全减振系统研制和跑车试验。试验验证结果表明:减振单元具备阻尼比在0.18～0.29区间连续调节能力，与传统钢丝绳减振系统相比可明显降低运输过程中的振动响应，有效减振频率下限低至8～15 Hz，可为3000 kg以上的大型航天器的安全运输提供有力保障。

The low-frequency vibration reduction technology for railway transport of spacecraft with large load

For the vibration damping of the spacecraft in the process of railway transport, the traditional wire rope vibration reduction system is often designed in a customized way and it is not very effective for the damping of the low-frequency vibrations. Therefore, a general modular compound vibration unit is developed, which can be applied to different spacecrafts. The vibration damping factor under different load conditions is controlled by adjusting the pressure of the air spring and the flow resistance. On the basis of the development and the test verification of the unit in the component level, the full vibration reduction system is developed and the traffic running test is carried out. It is shown that the damping ratio can continuously vary in the range between 0.18 and 0.29. Compared with the traditional steel wire rope damping system, the vibration response in the transportation process can be significantly reduced. Vibrations in a frequency as low as 8 Hz to 15 Hz band can also be effectively weakened, to provide guarantee for the safe transportation of spacecraft with large load of over 3000 kg.