天基激光对GEO卫星的毁伤效能分析与启示

为分析天基高能激光对地球同步轨道（geosynchronous orbit, GEO）卫星的威胁，为高价值GEO卫星的防护设计提供参考，根据机动战术激光武器的技术发展情况，采用理论分析和数值计算的方法对天基高能激光的毁伤效能进行了评估。结果表明，10 kW级天基战术激光武器对卫星造成硬毁伤的距离可达50 km以上，卫星的易损部件依次为星表热控材料、太阳电池阵、碳纤维复合材料结构件和光学敏感器。根据分析结果得出的启示有:1）天基激光武器对GEO卫星的威胁是现实的；2）卫星激光防护应围绕薄弱环节开展以获取最佳效费比；3）应从单机、分系统、系统层面综合采取措施以提高系统鲁棒性；4）应采取主被动防护相结合的方式提高综合防护效能。

The damage effect of space-based laser on GEO satellites

In view of the threat of the space-based high-energy laser to the geosynchronous orbit satellites and the demand for the protective design of high-value GEO satellites, the theoretical analysis and the numerical calculation are conducted to evaluate the damage effect of the space-based laser (SBL) on the GEO satellites according to the development of the tactical laser weapons. It is shown that the SBL with an output-power of 10 kW can damage the satellites 50 km away on the following vulnerable parts in a descending order, the thermal control materials on the satellite surfaces, the solar arrays, the carbon fiber enhanced composite, and the optical sensors. Enlightenments can be drawn from the analysis results: the threat of the SBL to the GEO satellites is realistic; the most effective protective design should focus on the weak links; protective measures should be taken on the equipment level, the sub-system level and the system levels, respectively, to improve the robustness of the satellites; active and passive methods should be adopted comprehensively to enhance the protection against the SBL.