基于TLE的Starlink星座第一阶段部署情况分析

近年来，随着卫星技术的快速发展和低轨（low earth orbit，LEO）卫星宽带互联网建设需求的不断增加，低轨大规模星座发展日新月异。针对Starlink星座初始化部署问题，首先论述了“星链”（Starlink）星座现状，分析在轨卫星高度变化。然后利用公开的两行轨道根数（two-line element，TLE），从卫星发射入轨、轨道面分布两个方面，简要分析了Starlink星座的部署情况，给出升交点的变化规律；同时仿真分析了Starlink星座对地面的覆盖性能。最后，给出星座轨道面和相位分布、故障卫星处置以及可见卫星数量。所分析的结果以期为中国未来部署大规模LEO星座的建设提供借鉴。

Analysis of the first stage deployment of Starlink constellation based on TLE

In recent years，with the rapid development of satellite technology and the increasing demand for low earth orbit（LEO）satellite broadband internet construction，the development of LEO large-scale constellations is changing rapidly.Aiming at the initial deployment of Starlink constellation，firstly，the current status of the Starlink constellation was discussed，and the altitude changes of orbiting satellites were analysed.Then，the deployment of the Starlink constellation was briefly analyzed from two aspects by utilizing the public two-line element（TLE），including satellite being launched into orbit and orbital plane distribution，and the changing rule of ascending node was given.At the same time，the ground coverage performance of the Starlink constellation was simulated and analyzed.Finally，the constellation orbital planes and phase distribution，handling of the faulty satellites，and the number of visible satellites were obtained.The results of the analysis are expected to provide reference for China′s future deployment of large-scale LEO constellations.