高温含水气流条件下燃烧室材料考核的电弧加热试验模拟方法

在燃烧室的内流热环境下,燃烧室壁面的部分防热材料(如 C/SiC 或超高温陶瓷)与碳氢燃料燃烧产物水蒸气发生的氧化反应速率比与空气中的氧气还要快。水蒸气的存在加剧了防热材料的氧化。另外,水蒸气还能与材料表面玻璃状的 SiO2保护层发生挥发性的化学反应,破坏了 SiO2保护层。这些因素对燃烧室防热材料的防热效果有明显的影响。本文采用等离子电弧加热矩形湍流导管试验方法模拟超燃冲压发动机燃烧室的内流热环境,并在试验喷管前的混合稳压室内横向喷射4%~5%的常温水与高温气体混合,模拟燃烧室内水蒸气的组份、浓度和温度,采用数值计算的方法分析混合稳压室内水与高温气体的掺混程度,研究含水的高温气体的总温(总焓)计算方法。

Testing of combustor chamber material in arc jet flow mixing with transverse injected water

In the combustor inner flow thermal environment,the oxidation reaction of com-bustor inner surface thermal protection material,such as C/SiC and Ultra High Temperature Ce-ramic (UHTC),is more rapid in water vapor as a product of combustion than in oxygen.The water vapor also reacts with silica glass,formed in the combustor inner surface to prevent oxida-tion,to destroy the protective layer by volatilization.It has a serious impact on the combustor thermal protection performance.In the paper,the combustor inner flow thermal environment has been simulated by plasma arc heating supersonic rectangular Turbulent Flow Duct (TFD).At the same time,the ambient-temperature water,whose mass flow rate is 4%~5% of the flow, has been transversely injected into the mixing chamber,located at the end of the arc heater and before the nozzle,in order to mix with the high-temperature air and simulate the component, mass flow rate and temperature of water vapor coming from hydrocarbon combustion.The mix-ing quality between the water and the high-temperature air in the mixing chamber has been ana-lyzed by numerical calculation.The total enthalpy calculation method of the mixing gas has also been discussed.