我国城乡居民收入差距的成因与对策

改革开放以来，我国城乡居民在收入水平提高的同时，收入差距也明显扩大。基尼系数作为衡量全国收入差异的重要指标，对衡量城乡收入差异并不适用。采用城乡居民收入、消费以及恩格尔系数的数据历史地考察城乡居民收入水平、消费水平及消费结构的差异，认为城乡分割的户籍制度、产权不对等的土地制度、不平等的福利制度及带有单边垄断特征的劳动力市场是导致城乡差距的深层原因。解决上述制度不合理问题、创造公平竞争的市场环境、增强农民自生能力是解决城乡差距的根本出路。

Causes and Countermeasures of Difference Between Urban and Rural in China

Personal income,comsumption and their savings distance of residents between urban and rural has clearly expanded while they are prevalently improved.Gini coefficient as an index to measure the level of inequality in whole country is useful,but it is not suitable for measuring disparity between urban and rural.By using the data of income,consumption and its structure it would analyze the situation,reason and countermeasure of income gap between urban and rural area in China,and conclude that it is mainly the system of household,land,welfare and the incompetitive labor market which cause the gap between urban and rural.