行星际空间环境对探测器可靠性影响分析

空间环境是影响航天器可靠性的重要因素。与地球轨道航天器相比,行星际探测任务可能会遭受更加恶劣的空间环境,例如极端温度环境,辐射环境,腐蚀性大气环境、宇宙尘等,再加上行星际任务寿命长,采用先进的器件和材料,空间环境对行星际探测器的可靠性构成严重的威胁,直接关系到探测目标能否实现。因此考虑空间环境对行星际探测器的影响,开展相关的预先研究无论是对于制定行星际空间探测计划,还是搭载仪器的设计都具有非常重要的意义。文章分析了极端温度、辐射环境和行星表面综合环境对探测器的影响,并对开展相关研究提出了建议。

Extreme Space Environment and its Effects on Interplanetary Exploration Missions

Space environment and its effects is one of the most important factors to be considered in spacecraft design.Interplanetary exploration missions are subject to environment factors that are different from and more serious than Earth orbits,such as extremely temperature,unshielded cosmic ray and solar energetic particles,corrosive atmosphere,dusts and so on.Along with increasing use of state-of the art microelectronics and materials in interplanetary exploration missions and longevity often required by this kind of missions,space environment make a havy threat to the reliability of interplanetary missions.So the analyses and studies of interplanetary extremely environments are very important for the design of exploration missions,probes and onboard instruments.In this paper,the effects on probes of extreme temperature,radiation and synthetic environment on planetary surface were analyzed and further studies are suggested.