微小碎片对航天器舷窗玻璃损伤状况的跟踪研究

空间微小碎片环境比较复杂，其来源包括人为产生的碎片及微流星体。空间微小碎片不仅速度较高，而且数量庞大。它们频繁撞击航天器外表面，包括舷窗部位，特别是对航天飞机舷窗已造成巨大危害，使长期服役的国际空间站舷窗玻璃存在安全隐患。文章简要介绍了空间微小碎片对航天飞机和空间站舷窗玻璃的损伤状况，以及NASA对此做出的改进措施，这些跟踪研究成果可为我国长寿命、高可靠航天器舷窗结构设计提供参考依据。

Research progress of spacecraft window damage caused by small space debris

Small space debris may come from both man made space objects and natural meteoroids. The speed of debris is very high and the amount of them is great. They frequently bump on the outer surface of spacecraft, including the porthole, causing especially great damage to the space shuttle porthole, and they pose a potential threat to the porthole glass of space stations flying on a permanent orbit. This paper discusses damage features of portholes of space shuttles and space stations by space debris, and the improvement made by NASA in the porthole design, which may serve as a reference for the porthole structure design of long life and high reliability spacecraft in China.