利用翼尖减阻装置提高碟形飞行器性能

碟型飞行器采用了新颖的翼身融合气动布局.与常规飞行器相比,这种外形通过机身和机翼完全融合消除了机身阻力,且具有结构简单、容载大等许多优点,但由于其展弦比小而导致诱导阻力较大.本文通过风洞吹风试验,找到一种后掠鱼鳍形的翼尖小翼装置能很好地减小其诱导阻力.对模型安装翼尖小翼后,风洞测量其最大升阻比在30 m/s风速下提高了75%,在50 m/s风速下可达到15.为进一步考察安装翼尖装置后的飞行器低速气动性能,对其进行了模型试飞研究.试飞验证了风洞吹风结果,不仅提高了载重量而且使横侧飞行稳定性增强.

Using Wing Tip Devices to Improve Performance of Saucer-Shaped Aircraft

Saucer-shaped aircraft adopts a novel aerodynamic configuration of blending fuselage with wing. In contrast to the ordinary aircraft configurations, this kind of configuration can totally eliminate the drag resulted from fuselage, bringing many advantages such as simple structure, compact scale, high load capability. But its small aspeet ratio makes the induced drag higher. Through wind tunnel experiments, it is discovered that a type of sweepback fin-shaped winglet can efficiently reduce the induced drag of this kind of aircraft. When this winglet is mounted to a model in wind tunnel experiment, the maximal ratio of lift to drag of the model can be increased by 75% as compared with the model without winglet at the speed of 30 m/s, and reached 15 at the speed of 50 m/s. In order to investigate the performance of this aircraft with winglet at low speed, test flights were processed. The results of test flights not only verify the conclusions of experiments in wind tunnel but also indicate that the load capability of the aircraft with winglet is increased and its lateral stability is even better than that of the aircraft without winglet.