城市建筑室内外无缝应急救援定位技术

应急救援定位技术的发展关系到救援人员和受害人员的生命安全。首先，对应急定位与普适定位进行了对比，总结了应急定位的主要特征，阐述了应急定位系统的精度、连续性等技术指标。之后，分析了不同传感器在应急场景下的可用性，对相应传感器在应急定位领域中的融合和应用进行了综述。最后，围绕坐标基准、知识图谱、多源协同、智能控制四项关键技术架构室内外无缝应急救援定位系统，总结了构建流程。其中，坐标基准将室内和室外、相对定位和绝对定位统一，而知识图谱综合权威发布信息和灾害场景信息进行决策，不仅可以辅助多源融合中传感器的选择、传感器无缝切换以及故障传感器隔离，还能协调智能控制中救援设备的调度、救援设备之间和救援设备与人员之间的协同定位。

Urban Building Indoor and Outdoor Seamless Emergency Rescue Positioning Technology

The development of emergency rescue positioning technology is essential to ensuring the life safety of rescue workers and victims. Firstly, the emergency positioning and the universal positioning are compared, and the main characteristics of the former are summarized, and the technical indexes such as the accuracy and continuity are expounded. Then, the availability of different sensors in emergency scenarios is analyzed, and the fusion and application of available sensors are summarized. Finally, the construction of indoor and outdoor seamless emergency positioning system is concluded concerning on four key technologies of coordinate reference, knowledge graph, multi-source fusion and intelligent control. Among them, coordinate reference unifies indoor and outdoor, relative and absolute positioning, while knowledge map synthesizes authoritative information and disaster scene information to make decisions. Knowledge graph can not only assist sensor selection, seamless sensor switching and fault sensor isolation in multi-source fusion, but also help the dispatching of rescue equipment, and cooperative localization among many pieces of rescue equipment and between rescue equipment and personnel in intelligent control.