Generation mechanisms of the ELF-ULF waves related to the flux transfer events

Satellite observations near the magnetopause and within the magnetosheath revealed the existence of some structures characterised by specific magnetic field and plasma signatures. They have been called “Flux Transfer Events”. One of the models of FTEs is a reconnected fluxtube, extending from the inner magnetosphere into the magnetosheath. ELF-ULF waves are often observed in together with other FTE's signatures. Wideband emissions are associated with the boundaries of FTEs with characteristic maxima at lower hybrid and ion-cyclotron frequencies. They provide a tool for better timing of the events. These emissions might also be related to the reconnection process. Observations of FTE's by Prognoz-8 satellite are presented in our paper. Wave signatures of the FTEs are described. Various mechanisms of generation of the emissions by instabilities depending on local plasma conditions are discussed along with non-local aspects of such waves. Numerical solutions of the dispersion equation for the typical conditions in FTEs are presented. Possible relation of these waves to the reconnection process are discussed.