航空与航天大气环境医学工程及其进展

 目的]阐明突破空间大气环境障碍的人机工程内容之一航空航天大气环境医学工程的作用,地位与相互关系及主要进展。 方法]在运用苏俄和美国等有关资料以及我国预研资料的基础上,对航空航天大气环境医学工程进行较系统的阐述。 内容]航空航天大气环境因素的危害、航空大气环境医学工程的作用、航天大气环境医学工程的作用、航空航天大气环境医学工程的相互关系。结论]航空航天大气环境医学工程的基本作用是防护低压、缺氧、高低温和舱内污染等4大有害因素,它保证了飞行员和航天员的安全性并兼顾了航天员的适居性和工效学要求。航空航天大气环境医学工程的相互关系是 3个结合:航空医学与航天医学 (医医结合),航空工程与航天工程 (工工结合),航空航天医学与航空航天工程 (医工结合),而且尚待进一步加强。资料表明,航空航天大气环境医学工程展示了高新的发展前景。

ACTION AND RELATIONSHIP OF AEROSPACE ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT MEDICO-ENGINEERING

To clarify the action, relation and direction of the aerospace atmospheric environment medico engineering (ASAEME), which is one of the human machine engineering contents breaking through obstruction from the aerospace atmospheric environment. On the basis of using Russian, American and Chinese literature, this article expounded systematically ASAEME. The harm from the aerospace atmospheric environment, the action of aviation atmospheric environment medico engineering(AAEME), the action of space atmospheric environment medico engineering(SAEME), and the relation between AAEME and SAEME. Conclusions] The basic actions of ASAEME are defending hypobaric, hypoxia, high or low temperature and cabin contamination, ensuring pilot and astronaut safety and the habitability and ergonomics of astronaut. The relation between AAEME and SAEME is three combinations: aviation medicine and space medicine, aviation engineering and space engineering, aerospace medicine and aerospace engineering, which need strengthening. The aerospace literature indicates that ASAEME brings forth a high and new development foreground.