月球（火星）中子（水冰）探测仪初步方案研究

中子（水冰）探测仪在月球、火星和太阳系其它天体的水冰存在和含量分布的探测中有重要应用。文章主要介绍了美国、俄罗斯等国在月球、火星水冰探测中的中子探测仪的使用情况和探测结果,以及搭载于奥德赛（Odyssey）火星探测器上的中子谱仪、高能中子探测仪和＂月球勘测轨道器＂（LRO）上的月球勘测中子探测仪、计划搭载于美国＂火星科学实验室＂（MSL）上的中子反射动能测量仪的主要原理。最后提出了我国的一种中子探测仪的初步方案设想。

Preliminary Study of Neutron(Water-Ice)Detector on Moon and Mars

Neutron （water-ice） detector has important applications in detecting the existence and distribution of the water ice on the Moon,Mars and other celestial bodies in the solar system. In this paper we mainly introduce the instance of using and the detection results of the neutron （water-ice） detector in the American and Russian Moon （Mars） detecting. The main principles of some neutron（water-ice）detectors are also introduced,including Neutron Spectrometer and High Energy Neutron Detector onboard the Mars Odyssey,Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector onboard the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter,and the Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons planned to be onboard the Mars Science Laboratory. Finally a preliminary scheme of our country’s neutron （water-ice） neutron detector is presented.