机械手模型参考自适应控制的仿真及实验研究

 <正> 1。引言 众所周知,多关节机械手是高度耦合的,时变的非线性系统,现在国内外市场上的工业机械手绝大多数仍采用经典控制理论设计控制器,但随着对机械手性能要求的不断提高,经典控制理论已不能满足要求,近十年来,控制专家们开始研究自适应控制来解决复杂的机械手控制系统的设计。文献(1)提出局部参数优化的自适应控制算法,但不能保证整个系统稳定而必须进行十分困难的稳定性分析。文献(2)提出基于摄动方程的自适应控制,将非线性控制问题简化成关于期望轨迹的线性控制问题。但要进行实时辨识,因而实时计算量大,实时性差。笔者尚未见到关于解决机械手传动装置中的固有非线性,如库仑摩擦、间隙等的研究报导。实际上这种固有非线性对系统的性能,如精度、稳定性等有不可忽视的影响。此外上述对机械手自适应控制的研究都是计算机仿真,很少有实验研究的报导。

SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENT STUDY OF MODEL REFERENCE ADAPTIVE CONTROL FOR ROBOT MANIPULATOR

A model reference adaptive control system with nonlinear compensation for robot manipulator is proposed in this paper. The adaptive control is based on Liapunov direct method and guarantees the global statility of the system. Also, the method does not require detailed modelling of manipulator dynamics and thus reduces the amount of realtime computation consideiably. Computer simulations and experiments show that the proposed adaptive control system drives the manipulator to follow the reference model closely in different payload situations. The proposed nonlinear compensation method cancels the inhei-ent nonlinearity of Coulomb friction quite effectively. Comparison shows that the proposed adaptive control is much better than PID control.