飞船在大气层外飞行段的主要参数对轨道的影响

飞船返回地球时再入速度很大,过大的过载和气动加热率尤其对载人飞船带来安全性问题。如果利用航天器在大气层外及其边缘处多次再入运动,可降低速度、耗散热量。文章主要分析了载人飞船在大气层外多次再入飞行时的各主要参数对飞船轨道和轨道终点的影响。在分析过程中,首先建立了飞船在大气层外飞行的数学模型,进而通过大量的数值仿真得到一条基准轨道,在此基础上分别改变轨道起始点参数（倾角、偏航角和飞行速度）的初始值,分析轨道的特性及轨道的终点误差。最后根据起始点参数值和对应的轨道终点误差值的关系,得到了飞船在大气层外飞行时的起始参数对飞行轨道及轨道终点影响的敏感度,从而为工程上轨道的设计提供一个有效的参考依据。

The Influence of Spacesllip's Main Parameters on orbit in the Phase of Extra-atrnospheric Flight

When the spacecraft gained speed to reenter to the Earth, too much overload and aerodynamic heating rate would bring about the insecurity problem, especially to the manned spacecraft. The speed reducing and heat dissipation could be achieved through multi - reentry around the atmosphere. The influence of main different parameters on spaceship＇ s trajectory and the destination of orbit was mainly analyzed when the manned spacecraft flied in extra - atmosphere. In the process of analysis, Firstly, the mathematical models of extra - atmospheric flight were established, furthermore, the datum orbit was gotten according to a number of numerical simulation, the initial parameters value of orbit＇ s start point（IPVOSP） （path angle, yaw angle and the velocity of flight） were varied, which was based on the datum orbit, the characteristics and the error of destination of orbit（EDO） were analyzed. Finally, the results were obtained according to the relation between IPVOSP and EDO. Therefore, it would offer effective reference basis to the orbit designing in engineering.