Psychology and culture during long-duration space missions |
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| Authors: | N Kanas G Sandal JE Boyd VI Gushin D Manzey R North GR Leon P Suedfeld S Bishop ER Fiedler N Inoue B Johannes DJ Kealey N Kraft I Matsuzaki D Musson LA Palinkas VP Salnitskiy W Sipes J Stuster J Wang |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Psychiatry, University of California/San Francisco, VAMC (116A), 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA;2. University of Bergen, Norway;3. University of California/San Francisco, and VA Medical Center, San Francisco, USA;4. Institute for Biomedical Problems, Russia;5. Berlin University of Technology, Germany;6. NASA Johnson Space Center, USA;7. University of Minnesota, USA;8. University of British Columbia, Canada;9. University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA;10. National Space Biomedical Research Institute, USA;11. JAXA Tsukuba Space Center, Japan;12. DLR, Germany;13. Centre for Intercultural Learning, Canada;14. NASA Ames Research Center, USA;15. University of Tsukuba, Japan;p. McMaster University, Canada;q. University of Southern California, USA;r. Anacapa Sciences, USA;s. Astronaut Center, China;1. The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic;2. Faculty of Education, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic;1. NASA Johnson Space Center, Mail Code CB, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058, United States of America;2. NASA Johnson Space Center, Mail Code EA329, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058, United States of America;1. School of Health, University of Northampton, Park Campus, Northampton NN2 7AL, UK;2. Institute of Social Psychology, University of Bergen, Christiesgate 12, Bergen 5020, Norway;3. Elliott Hall, 75 E. River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States;4. Danish Defence, Denmark;1. Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, H. Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Gent, Belgium;2. Institute of Psychology, Quartier UNIL-Mouline, Bâtiment Géopolis, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;1. Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Canada;2. Department of Sociology, The University of British Columbia, Canada;3. Psychological Department, Institute for Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences |
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| Abstract: | The objective of this paper is twofold: (a) to review the current knowledge of cultural, psychological, psychiatric, cognitive, interpersonal, and organizational issues that are relevant to the behavior and performance of astronaut crews and ground support personnel and (b) to make recommendations for future human space missions, including both transit and planetary surface operations involving the Moon or Mars. The focus will be on long-duration missions lasting at least six weeks, when important psychological and interpersonal factors begin to take their toll on crewmembers. This information is designed to provide guidelines for astronaut selection and training, in-flight monitoring and support, and post-flight recovery and re-adaptation. |
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