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Prompt effects of solar wind variations on the inner magnetosphere and midlatitude ionosphere
Authors:Chao-Song Huang   J.C. Foster   K. Yumoto   J.L. Chau  O. Veliz
Affiliation:

aHaystack Observatory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Route 40, Westford, MA 01886, USA

bDepartment of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan

cRadio Observatorio de Jicamarca, Instituto Geofisico del Peru, Lima, Peru

Abstract:
It is well known that the solar wind can significantly affect high-latitude ionospheric dynamics. However, the effects of the solar wind on the middle- and low-latitude ionosphere are much less studied. In this paper, we report observations that large perturbations in the middle- and low-latitude ionosphere are well correlated with solar wind variations. In one event, a significant (20–30%) decrease of the midlatitude ionospheric electron density over a large latitudinal range was related to a sudden drop in the solar wind pressure and a northward turning of the interplanetary magnetic field, and the density decrease became larger at lower latitudes. In another event, periodic perturbations in the dayside equatorial ionospheric E × B drift and electrojet were closely associated with variations in the interplanetary electric field. Since the solar wind is always changing with time, it can be a very important and common source of ionospheric perturbations at middle- and low-latitudes. The relationship between solar wind variations and significant ionospheric perturbations has important applications in space weather.
Keywords:Solar wind   Electric field   Ionospheric density perturbations
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