高超声速球头激波脱体距离研究综述

从理论研究和实验研究2个方面介绍了国内外高超声速球头激波脱体距离研究的概况。理论研究方面,理论和工程算法能够用于激波形状和脱体距离的快速计算,数值计算则主要关注了高温非平衡流动下气体模型对数值计算结果的影响。由于计算方法都是针对特定理论或特定实验条件下推导并归纳总结得到的,在公式的适用范围方面存在较大的局限性。在实验研究方面,利用高焓设备进行非平衡流下的实验是目前的重点之一。由于实验、测量设备和实验条件各自的特点,实验数据的推广应用仍然是值得研究的,另外针对非空气环境(如 CO2)的球头激波脱体研究数据相对匮乏。通过调研,认为可对下列问题做进一步研究:以高超声速球头激波脱体距离为对象考虑真实气体效应时理论和工程计算的改进方法,不同化学反应和气体模型对数值计算结果准确性的综合影响,提高弹道靶发射能力以及发展高精度流场显示技术等。

Review of research on shock standoff distance for hypersonic sphere

Theoretical and experimental researches on shock standoff distance of hypersonic sphere are reviewed.For theoretical research,both theoretical arithmetics and engineering meth-ods can be used for rapid calculation of the shock shape and the standoff distance;while the nu-merical calculations mainly focus on the influence of the thermal and chemical gas models on the calculation results.These calculation methods are based on specific theories and particular experimental conditions,and thus the applicability of these methods is limited.For experimental research,nonequilibrium flow experiments in high enthalpy facilities are the key work at present.The application of the experimental data is worthy of study since each experiment is unique in experi-mental conditions and measuring methods.In addition,there is relatively insufficient experimen-tal data of other gas environments than air (such as CO2 ).The following problems can be further studied:improving the accuracy of theoretical and engineering calculation methods when real-gas effect is taken into account,studying the comprehensive influence of different thermal and chemi-cal gas models and chemical reaction models on the calculation accuracy,enhancing the launching ability of the ballistic range and developing more precise flowfield visualization techniques.