利用自然能临近空间浮空器的热特性分析

为解决临近空间浮空器驻留期间面临的“超热”、“超压”和“定点抗风”等难题，研究了一种新型的临近空间浮空器，其利用自然界的热能和风能，变“不利”为“有利”，通过简易可行的技术手段实现飞行高度和轨迹的控制，从而实现持久区域驻留。首先建立该新型浮空器的稳态热平衡模型并进行超热值的估算，然后分析系统参数。计算结果表明蒙皮的太阳吸收率和红外发射率对超热值有着重要影响，合理地选择热控涂层可以满足该新型浮空器的设计要求。

Thermal Characteristics Analysis of a Near Space Aerostat Driven by the Natural Energy

In order to solve the issues such as “super-heat”, “super-pressure” and “wind resistance” that near-space aerostats are faced with during station keeping, the novel near-space aerostat investigated in this paper makes use of natural heat and wind energy, and transforms the disadvantages into advantages. The novel aerostat uses the simple technical method to control altitude and trajectory, thus it meets the requirements of long duration and regional station keeping. The thermal equilibrium model of this novel aerostat is established to analyze the superheating, and further the system parameters are analyzed in this paper. The results suggest that both solar absorptivity and emissivity of the envelope have significant influence on its superheating and the reasonable choice of the thermal control coating can meet the requirements of system design.