微小卫星隐身构型设计及优化分析

为研究天巡一号微小卫星的电磁散射特性, 建立了具有隐身外形设计的微小卫星电磁计算模型。采用物理光学法(PO)对不同状态下的雷达散射截面(RCS)进行数值计算, 并与微波暗室的试验结果对比, 验证了PO的准确性。在此基础上, 着重分析了卫星RCS入射角、极化、频率、电尺寸响应特性和全姿态角空间RCS响应特性。参考天巡一号的隐身构型设计, 将天巡一号优化为对称的尖锥构型, 通过不断增加尖锥棱边数来优化构型, 得到具有更低RCS构型的橄榄体卫星。结果表明:天巡一号的隐身姿态可有效应对单站雷达威胁, 最佳隐身姿态下的空间RCS均值低于非隐身姿态4.89 dBsm；在S波段(3 GHz)下, 橄榄体卫星RCS算术均值和RCS幅值分别低于天巡一号4.77 dBsm和31.66 dBsm；在X波段(10 GHz)下, 橄榄体卫星RCS算术均值和RCS幅值分别低于天巡一号3.65 dBsm和43.97 dBsm。 

Stealthy configuration design and optimization analysis of microsatellite

To study the electromagnetic scattering characteristics of the TX-1 microsatellite, an electromagnetic calculation model with a stealthy shape is established. The physical optics (PO) is used to numerically calculate the radar cross section (RCS) under different conditions to verify PO accuracy through comparing with anechoic chamber experimental results. This serves as a foundation for the development of the satellite RCS incidence angle, polarization, frequency, electric size response characteristics and full attitude angle spatial RCS response characteristics. Finally, the configuration is optimized to a symmetric pointed cone configuration referring to the TX-1's stealthy design. By increasing the quantity of sharp cone edges to optimize the configuration, the olive-shaped satellite with a lower RCS configuration is obtained. The TX-1's stealthy trait can effectively dispel the monostatic radar threat. The spatial RCS average value in the best stealth attitude is 4.89 dBsm less than that in the non-stealth attitude. Under S-band (3 GHz), the RCS average value and RCS amplitude of the olive-shaped satellite are 4.77 dBsm and 31.66 dBsm lower than those of TX-1. Under X-band (10 GHz), the RCS average value and RCS amplitude of the olive-shaped satellite are 3.65 dBsm and 43.97 dBsm less than those of TX-1.