Particle Acceleration at Interplanetary Shocks |
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Authors: | G P Zank Gang Li Olga Verkhoglyadova |
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Institution: | (1) Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (IGPP), University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA |
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Abstract: | This paper briefly reviews proton acceleration at interplanetary shocks. This is key to describing the acceleration of heavy
ions at interplanetary shocks because wave excitation—and hence particle scattering—at oblique shocks is controlled by the
protons and not the heavy ions. Heavy ions behave as test particles, and their acceleration characteristics are controlled
by the properties of proton-excited turbulence. As a result, the resonance condition for heavy ions introduces distinctly
different signatures in abundance, spectra, and intensity profiles, depending on ion mass and charge. Self-consistent models
of heavy-ion acceleration and the resulting fractionation are discussed. This includes discussion of the injection problem
and the acceleration characteristics of quasi-parallel and quasi-perpendicular shocks. |
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Keywords: | Solar energetic particles Coronal mass ejections Particle acceleration |
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