基于实测数据的海杂波与海面小目标特征分析

目标特性是雷达目标检测识别等精细化处理的基础。设计检测器主要是设计 1个检测统计量,使之在有无目标时有尽可能大的差别。经典的检测主要用幅度特性、相关性等。利用 X波段雷达 2~5级海况下航道浮标实测数据,分别对比分析海况连续变化下海杂波和海面小目标的时间相关性、空间相关性、相对平均幅度(RelativeAver-ageAmplitude,RAA)、相对多普勒峰高(RelativeDopplerPeakHeight,RDPH)和相对多普勒向量熵(RelativeVector Entropy,RVE)5种特征的变化情况。大量实测数据验证表明,随着海况等级增加,海杂波与海面小目标的时空强相关数值逐渐变小:2~5级海况下,RAA具有较好的可区分性；2~3级海况下,RDPH据有较好的可区分性,4~5级海况下区分效果不理想；5级海况下,RVE的具有较好的可分效果。结论对于海杂波背景下雷达目标特征检测方法优化设计具有重要意义。

AnalysisofSeaClutterandSmallTargetCharacteristics BasedonMeasuredData

Target characteristics are the basis of fine processing such as radar target detection and identification, the de-sign of the detec to rismainly to designade tectionstatisticso that there is asmu chdifferen ceas possible when the reisno target,classicde tectionmainly with amplitudecharacteristics,correlation, etc.Using the measured data of channel buoys under X-band radar sea state level 2~5,temporalcorrelation,spatialcorrelation,relativeaverageamplitude,relativeDop-pler peak height and relative Doppler vector entropy of sea clutter and small targets under continuous sea state changes arecomparedandanalyzedrespectively.Alargenumberofmeasureddatashowthatwiththeincreaseof seastatelevel, thespatiotemporalstrongcorrelationbetween seaclutterandsmall targets ontheseasurfacegraduallydecreases.Under theseastatelevel2~5, therelativeaverageamplitudehasgooddistinguishability. Underthe seastatelevel2~3, therela-tive Dopplerpeakheighthasgooddistinguishability, andthediscriminationeffectisnotidealunderthe seastatelevel4~5.Under theseastatelevel5,theen tropy of therelative Dopplervectorhasagoodseparableeffect.Itisconcludedthatit is of greatsignificancefor the optimization designofradar targetfeature detection methodunder the background of sea clutter.