基于近场测量的阵列天线校准

阵列天线校准是精确控制阵列波束方向和辐射方向图的前提。本文依据测量距离将阵列天线校准方法分为远场校准法和近场校准法两类。随着阵列天线大型化的发展趋势，微波暗室的尺寸越来越难达到阵列天线远场的要求，远场校准法的适用性逐渐减弱，对近场校准法的需求逐渐增加。本文梳理了过往的经典近场校准方法，并对近场校准方法的最新进展进行论述，对不同校准方法的原理做了详细分析和对比，最后给出未来校准研究的发展方向。

Phased Array Calibration Based on Near-field Measurement

Phased array calibration is crucial to ensure accurate array beam direction and radiation pattern. The calibration method can be divided into far-field calibration and near-field calibration according to the measurement distance. With the development trend of large-scale array antennas, it is increasingly difficult for the anechoic chambers to meet the far-field requirements of array antennas. The applicability of far-field calibration methods gradually weakens, while the demand for near-field calibration methods gradually increases. This article combs traditional near-field calibration methods and discusses the latest near-field calibration methods. The principles and features of different calibration methods are analyzed and compared, and finally an outlook for future development directions is proposed.