基于萤火虫算法的CFRP材料铣削刀具结构优化

为了提高CFRP零件的加工表面质量和刀具寿命,针对其铣削加工的刀具结构进行了优化。设计了刀具结构参数与CFRP材料铣削加工表面粗糙度、后刀面磨损量之间的正交试验。应用极差分析法分析了刀具结构参数对CFRP材料加工表面粗糙度、后刀面磨损量的影响规律,并应用多元线性回归法建立了刀具结构参数与表面粗糙度、后刀面磨损量之间的数学模型。基于此模型,采用FA萤火虫算法,优化了刀具的结构参数,并进行了实验验证。结果表明:在试验参数范围内,刀具结构参数对于CFRP工件铣削表面粗糙度的影响程度依次为:后角、螺旋角、前角。当刀具的后角、螺旋角和前角增大时,工件的表面粗糙度都呈减小趋势,但减小的快慢程度不同;刀具结构参数对于后刀面磨损影响程度依次为:后角、螺旋角、前角。当刀具后角增大时,后刀面磨损量迅速上升,当螺旋角增大时,后刀面磨损量减小,当刀具的前角增大时,后刀面磨损量先减小后增大。采用FA萤火虫算法优化后的刀具结构对CFRP材料进行铣削实验,实验结果值与建立的模型预测值误差较小,表面粗糙度的误差率为3%,刀具后刀面磨损量的误差率为7.6%。

Optimization of Tool Geometric Parameters in Milling of CFRP Based on Firefly Algorithm

In order to improve the machined surface quality of CFRP parts and the tool life,the tool structure was optimized.The orthogonal experiment between the tool structure parameters and the machined surface roughness of CFRP parts and the wear of the tool flank were designed.The influence of the tool structure parameters on the surface roughness of CFRP and the tool flank wear were analyzed by the extreme difference analysis.The mathematical models between the tool structure parameters and the surface roughness of CFRP and the tool flank wear were established by the multiple linear regression method.Based on this model,the tool structure parameters were optimized by using firefly algorithm and the verification experiment was carried out.The results show that the influence sequence of the tool structure parameters on the surface roughness of the CFRP workpiece is as follow:the rear angle,the helix angle,the front angle.Within the range of the test parameters,when the rear angle,the helix angle and the front angle increase,the surface roughness decrease,but the degree of reduction are different.The influence sequence of the tool structure parameters on the tool flank wear is in turn:the rear angle,the helix angle,the front angle.When the rear angle of the tool increases,the tool flank wear increases rapidly,and when the helix angle increases,the tool flank wear decreases.When the front angle of the tool increases,the tool flank wear decreases firstly and then increases.The tool structure optimized by firefly algorithm is used to milling the CFRP.The error value between the experiment and the prediction is small.The error value of the surface roughness is only 3%,and the error value of tool flank wear is 7.6%.