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Anomalous Cosmic Rays
Authors:Klecker  B.  Mewaldt  R.A.  Bieber  J.W.  Cummings  A.C.  Drury  L.  Giacalone  J.  Jokipii  J.R.  Jones  F.C.  Krainev  M.B.  Lee  M.A.  Le Roux  J.A.  Marsden  R.G.  Mcdonald  F.B.  McKibben  R.B.  Steenberg  C.D.  Baring  M.G.  Ellison  D.C.  Lanzerotti  L.J.  Leske  R.A.  Mazur  J.E.  Moraal  H.  Oetliker  M.  Ptuskin  V.S.  Selesnick  R.S.  Trattner  K.J.
Affiliation:(1) Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, 85740 Garching, Germany;(2) Space Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Downs Lab. M/C 220-47, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA;(3) University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA;(4) School of Cosmic Physics, Dublin Institute of Advanced Studies, Dublin, Ireland;(5) Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;(6) Laboratory for High Energy Astrophysics, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA;(7) Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, Russia;(8) University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA;(9) University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;(10) Space Science Dept. of ESA, Postbus 299, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands;(11) Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;(12) Space Research Unit, Department of Physics, Potchefstroom University for CHE, Potchefstroom, South Africa;(13) Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;(14) AT & T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, USA;(15) IZMIRAN, Troitsk, Moscow District, 142092, Russia;(16) The Aerospace Corporation, Los Angeles, CA 90009, USA;(17) Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey, UK
Abstract:
We review the observed properties of anomalous cosmic rays and the present status of our knowledge of the processes by which they originate. We compiled a comprehensive set of ACR energy spectral data from various spacecraft throughout the heliosphere during the passes of Ulysses over the poles of the Sun and present first results of a detailed modeling effort. In several contributions, we discuss the questions of injection and possible pre-acceleration of pickup ions, summarize new observations on the ionic charge composition, and present new results on the composition of minor ions in ACRs.
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