针对海南文昌发射场的载人航天器盐雾效应试验及防护方法

空间站工程大吨位载人航天器均在海南文昌发射场发射,面临盐雾效应这个新的环境要素。文章针对海南文昌发射场盐雾环境对载人航天器的影响开展分析和验证工作,研究文昌发射场盐雾水平,分析盐雾效应产生机理和常规盐雾模拟试验方法,针对载人航天器测发流程特点提出主动盐雾防护与盐雾效应摸底试验相结合的工程方法。基于盐雾效应机理总结提出的盐雾效应筛查表格可指导开展沿海地区发射航天器的盐雾防护设计和敏感因素筛查。

Salt spray test and protection for manned spacecrafts to be launched at Hainan Wenchang spaceport

In the space station construction, for large-tonnage manned spacecrafts to be launched at the Wenchang launch site in Hainan province, the salt fog, as a new environmental factor to aggravate the erosion, must be considered as a serious issue. This paper analyzes the impact of the salt fog on the manned spacecraft in the Hainan launch site. The salt fog level of the Hainan launch sate is investigated firstly. Then, based on the analysis of the mechanism of salt fog effect, and taking account of the characteristics of manned spacecrafts'' development process, an engineering method combining the salt fog test with the active protection is proposed. The salt fog screening form given lastly may serve as a guide for spacecrafts launched at the Wenchang site with regard to the salt spray protection and the screening of sensitive factors.