一种用于同步静止卫星监测的微型VLBI网

针对地球静止轨道（GEO）卫星全天时全天候高精度的监测需求，考虑传统甚长基线干涉（VLBI）测站高成本、高投入和GEO卫星专用观测时段有限等制约条件，研发了简易型VLBI观测系统，并组建了包括上海、都匀和乌鲁木齐三站的微型VLBI网（micro VLBI network，MVN），开展了并置站测试以及对GEO卫星亚太6C的连续监测，并评估了当前MVN的观测能力。结果表明MVN扣除系统差后的单站接收精度为2ns，各基线观测时延拟后残差约几纳秒，GEO目标实测位置精度为百米级（内外符精度分别约100m和400m）。不同于传统VLBI和其他GEO监测手段，MVN还具备全天时、全天候、低造价、易布设及易推广等特点，充分表明了其在GEO卫星监测领域的应用价值。

Micro VLBI network for GEO satellite monitoring

According to the requirements of all-time, all weather and high precision geostationary orbit (GEO) satellite monitoring, a simple very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observing system was developed and a micro VLBI network (MVN) including Shanghai, Duyun and Urumqi was built. Debugging in collocated stations was performed and GEO satellite named as Apstar6C was monitored by MVN, whose observing capability was evaluated. The receiving accuracy of single station without systematic errors was 2ns. The results show that the post-fit residuals of different baselines are about several nanoseconds. Moreover, the accuracy of observed GEO satellite orbit is in the level of 100m (internal and external accuracy of about 100m and 400m respectively). Unlike traditional VLBI or other GEO monitoring techniques, MVN has features including all-time, all-weather, low cost, easy deployment and convenient marketing, showing its great application value in the field of GEO satellite monitoring.