飞行器爆炸螺栓分离冲击环境散布分析

爆炸螺栓分离装置是一种应用广泛且相对成熟的点式火工分离装置，在航天器分离中应用广泛。爆炸螺栓通过腔内炸药爆炸的拉伸、剪切力学效应，使螺栓特定部位断裂实现解锁。爆炸分离过程会产生时间短、频率高、峰值高的冲击波，对航天器结构产生冲击。分离过程中，爆炸螺栓断裂位置尺寸、炸药药量和螺栓预紧力等因素的偏差都会影响爆炸分离产生的冲击响应。通过不同设计尺寸偏差下的有限元分析计算，研究了不同因素对航天器关键位置冲击响应谱的影响。结果表明爆炸螺栓断裂位置的端面尺寸和炸药药量的变化对冲击响应谱有着显著影响。

Dispersion Analysis of Aircraft Explosion Bolt Separation Impact Environment

The explosive bolt separation device was a widely used and relatively mature point-type pyrotechnic separation device, which was widely used in the separation of spacecraft. The explosion bolt broke through the tensile and shear mechanical effects of the explosive explosion in the cavity, so that the specific part of the bolt was broken and unlocked. The explosion separation process would generate shock waves with high time, high frequency and high peak value, which would impact the spacecraft structure. During the separation process, the deviation of factors such as the size of the fracture position of the explosive bolt, the amount of explosives, and the bolt preload would affect the impact response generated by the explosive separation. Through the finite element analysis and calculation under different deviations, the influence of different factors on the shock response spectrum of the key position of the spacecraft was studied. The results showed that the critical dimension of the fracture location and the change of explosive charge had a significant effect on the shock response spectrum.