轮体结构颗粒阻尼器设计方法

利用离散元法及正交设计方法,对典型轮体结构发生伞形振动时的二维等效振动模型进行了空腔尺寸及颗粒填充方案的数值设计,并结合振动试验结果给出了轮体结构颗粒阻尼器的设计流程及设计准则.研究表明:1建立的二维等效振动模型在能够反映轮体结构伞形振动基本特征的同时,也可以较为准确地模拟内部颗粒运动对结构产生的影响;2颗粒阻尼对轮体结构的振动有明显的改善作用,但填充不同材质的颗粒,其减振效果会有较为明显的区别;3空腔的尺寸及颗粒的质量率对颗粒阻尼的影响显著,应首先保证的是较高的颗粒质量率;4由于碰撞间隙的作用,对于固定规格的空腔和颗粒,存在最佳颗粒体积填充率使得颗粒阻尼的减振效果最佳.由试验与数值模拟的最佳方案的一致性可知,发展的设计方法可以较为准确地给出轮体结构颗粒阻尼器的最优空腔尺寸及其对应的最佳填充方法,可用于轮体结构伞形振动减振方案的前期设计.

Design methodology for particle dampers applied to a wheel structure

By use of a discrete element method (DEM), the design methodology for cavity size and filling schemes of particle dampers applied to a wheel structure was investigated through a series of orthogonal simulation tests. A two-dimensional equivalent vibration model of a typical wheel was established, in which the configuration was evaluated based on the specific parameters when it vibrated in the umbrella-shaped mode. On the basis of experimental tests and analytical study, conclusions can be drawn as follow: (1) with the capability of describing the umbrella-shaped vibration of the wheel structure, the two-dimensional equivalent model is effective to reflect the influences on the cavity caused by interior particles' motion; (2) a dramatic increase in the attenuation due to the presence of particles is clearly evident while it differs in particle types; (3) the damping performance is significantly affected by the cavity size and particle mass ratio, moreover, the latter should be guaranteed first; (4) enough clearance between particles and wall of cavity is also required, so there is an optimal filling rate for an immutable enclosure, fixed particle size and type. Given the fact that the design scheme agrees well with the optimal case given by experimental tests, the design methodology can be used to acquire the optimal cavity size and filling scheme at the design stage of a wheel structure.