空间深空探测低温制冷技术的发展

深空探测技术已经被列入国家发展计划,由于空间环境的特殊性,对空间低温制冷技术提出了更高的要求。文章介绍了美国、日本和欧空局用于深空探测的深低温制冷技术的发展状况,包括超流氦制冷技术、多级机械制冷技术、吸附式制冷技术、绝热去磁制冷技术和氦稀释制冷技术,并介绍了在天文卫星和空间望远镜上的应用;综述了中国空间低温制冷技术的发展现状,提出了中国开展深低温制冷技术研究的启示和建议。

Development of Cryogenic Refrigeration Technology for Deep Space Explorations

The deep space explorations have been presented in China＇s space development programs.As the peculiarity of space environment,it brings forward the higher requirement to space cryogenic refrigeration technology.This paper introduced the development of deep cryogenic refrigeration technology for deep space exploration missions in America,Japan and European Space Agency,including superfluid helium,multi-stage mechanical cryocooler,Sorption cryocooler,adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator and dilution refrigerator.The application on astronomical satellite and space telescope was also introduced.The development status of space cryogenic refrigeration technology in China was summarized.Some suggestions to space refrigeration technology investigation in China were put forward.