飞行员注意力分配的定量测量方法

在实验室内让被试人员在飞行模拟器上完成了三个不同阶段的模拟飞行任务,同时用眼动仪器记录了被试者的眼动数据.采用划分兴趣区域的方式,把视觉信息源划分为座舱内仪表和外部视景两个兴趣区域,对三个眼动指标在两个兴趣区域内的分布情况进行了分析和对比.结果显示,三个模拟任务阶段被试者显示出了不同的扫视模式,在外景有更多的注视点比率、更多的注视时间比率和更长的平均注视时间.表明视觉飞行规则下,战斗机驾驶员主要从外景获取视觉信息,他们的大部分注意力都集中在外景.眼动指标可以客观地反映驾驶员的注意力分配规律和工作负荷变化,研究结果对于战斗机座舱显示信息的设计和飞行员的培训有一定的指导意义.

Quantitative measuring method of pilots’ attention allocation

Subjects finished three different flight simulation tasks in a simulator in the laboratory. Eye movement data was recorded with eye tracking system. Visual information sources were divided into two AOIs (area of interest): IP (instrument panel) AOI and OV (out view) AOI. The three eye movement indices were analyzed and compared in the two AOIs. Results show that there are different scanning patterns through three tasks, and that there are more fixation points, longer dwell time and longer average fixation duration in OV AOI than that inside. It indicates that fighter pilots acquire information mostly from the OV in VFR (visual flight rules) condition and most of their visual attention is allocated to the outside world. Eye movement indices can objectively uncover the rules of pilots’ attention allocation and evaluate their workload. The research will be beneficial to cockpit display design of the fighter aircraft and pilots’ training.