载人飞船返回舱着水冲击问题研究进展

通过归纳一般物体入水冲击问题解析法和数值法的种类和发展，对载人飞船返回舱着水冲击问题进行了应用研究；重点对国内外工程上进行的返回舱着水实验进行了整理，并根据实验舱体的复杂程度将其分为模型实验和样机实验两类，指出分别使用刚性缩比模型、弹性缩比模型和样机进行着水实验时，成本、实验周期及其结果数据丰富程度递增的特点，指出了需要注意的弹性近似准确性和样机在不同实验工况下的适应性改造问题：同时对近年来研究较多的返回舱着水冲击问题的仿真分析方法进行了总结对比，讨论了其适用于任意舱体外形、任意姿态着水问题分析以及能够获得全过程详细动力学特性的优势。

Review on Water Landing Impact Problems of Manned Reentry Capsules

Numerical methods and analytic methods of general water impact problem were reviewed, and the application of these methods in water landing of manned capsule was analyzed. Capsule water landing experiments at home and abroad were reviewed intensively and classified into model experiment and prototype experiment according to complexity of the landing capsules in experiments. The fact was pointed out that the cost, duration and results when water landing experiments with rig- id scale model, flexible scale model and prototype were incremental. Furthermore, simulation meth- ods of the water landing of manned capsules studied in recent years were also reviewed. The advantages that the simulation method can get detailed dynamic characteristics in the whole process of landing as well as its applicability for landing problems of arbitrarily contour and attitude was discussed.