运载火箭动力冗余技术

概述了前苏联N-1火箭，美国土星系列，航天飞机以及法尔肯9运载火箭动力冗余应用情况，重点介绍了N-1火箭四次发射失利以及最终的事故原因，从现役运载火箭可靠性评估结果、运载火箭飞行故障统计结果和运载火箭动力冗余和非冗余可靠性的关系三个方面论证了动力冗余的必要性；提出了变推力方式和发动机贮备方式两种动力冗余方式，并分析了它们对运载火箭整体性能以及各系统的影响，最后梳理出实现动力冗余需要重点解决的关键技术。

Redundant Propulsion Technology for Launch Vehicle

An introduction of foreign launch vehicles with redundant propulsion system was presented in this paper including the N-1 rocket of the Former Soviet Union, Saturn series rocket of US, space shuttle and Falcon 9. The 4 failures of N-1 rocket and the reasons were introduced in detail. The necessity of redundant propulsion system was demonstrated via three aspects, including the evalua- tion on reliability of launch vehicle at service, statistics on flight failure, and reliability of launch ve- hicle with/without redundant propulsion systems. Two types of redundant propulsion means and their effects on sub-systems were presented. Finally, related key technologies were proposed to realize re- dundant propulsion system.