星载观测平台的视线误差分析

为分析星载观测平台各项误差源对视线测量精度的影响，研究了一种基于多参量的视线测量误差建模与评价方法.不同于以往卫星、相机的空间测量方式，针对卫星、转台、相机的观测结构，构建了从惯性空间到光学传感器像平面的目标成像模型及星载观测平台视线测量模型.通过推导星载观测平台视线测量误差与观测中13项误差源的关系，提出一种基于灵敏度分析的误差评价方法，并在三个轴向上分析了各项误差源对星载观测平台视线测量精度的影响.利用蒙特卡罗仿真试验验证了理论模型的有效性.结果表明，卫星轨道误差、卫星姿态误差、载荷平台角振动误差、内外框架转动误差、像平面目标像点的位置量化误差是影响星载观测平台视线测量精度的主要因素.该方法能够科学评估各项误差源对星载观测平台视线测量精度的影响，对星载观测平台的总体设计具有重要的应用价值. 

Analysis of Line-of-sight Measurement Error for Satellite-borne Observation Platform

A line-of-sight measurement error modeling and evaluation method based on multi-parameters is studied to analyze the influence of the error sources of the satellite-borne observation platform on the line-of-sight measurement accuracy. Unlike conventional measurement for satellites and space camera, the target imaging model from target position to focal plane and the line-of-sight measurement model for satellite-borne observation platform are constructed on the basis of the satellite, turntable, and camera observation structure. The relationship between the measurement error and the error sources is derived theoretically and a method of error evaluation based on sensitivity analysis is presented. In three axial directions, the influence of the error sources of the satellite-borne observation platform on the line-of-sight measurement accuracy are analyzed. Monte Carlo simulation verified the validity of the theoretical model. The results demonstrate that the line-of-sight measurement accuracy is affected by satellite orbit error, satellite attitude error, load platform angular vibration error, inner frame and outer frame rotation error, image points position quantization error. The method can scientifically evaluate the influence of various error sources on measurement accuracy, and has important application value to the overall design of the satellite-borne observation platform.