电离层H2O释放扰动效应的数值模拟研究

为充分研究化学物质在电离层释放的扰动效应和后期发展效果，基于化学物质在电离层的扩散模型、化学反应和电离层扩展F的控制模型，通过电离层H₂O的释放，研究电子e，H₂O，O+和H₂O+共4种粒子的分布状态，分析点源、多源和线源释放对电离层的扰动效果，比较不同高度、不同量和不同时间释放的影响结果，模拟夜间释放后期所激发的扩展F发展差异.结果表明，H₂O在电离层释放后，能有效耗散背景电子形成空洞，O+和H₂O+数密度呈椭圆形分布；点源、多源和运动目标线源等不同释放方式对电离层的扰动效果不同，证实了人工影响一定形态和区域电离层的可能性；H₂O释放扰动幅度，低层大于高层，白天强于夜晚，释放量越多扰动越突出；夜间化学释放能激发扩展F，并且释放量越多，激发效果越好. 

Numerical Simulation of Ionospheric Disturbance Effects by Chemical H2O Release

In order to study the perturbation effect of chemical substances in the ionosphere and its evolution on the later stage of development, based on a dynamical model including the neutral gas diffusion and chemical reaction, and a physical model developed to present the development of spread-F, through the release of H₂O in the ionosphere, the distribution of electron, H₂O, O+ and H₂O+ are discussed and ionospheric disturbances by chemical release in point source, multiple source and line source are analyzed. Different release altitudes, different amounts of released substance and different release time are also compared. Besides, the developmental differences by different amounts of H₂O are also simulated. The results show that:H₂O can substantially decline electron density and facilitate the formation of ionospheric hole; the density distribution of O+ and H₂O+ are elliptical; H₂O released in different methods, such as, point source, multiple source and moving target line source, can cause different ionospheric disturbance effects, which confirm the possibility of artificially affecting a certain shape and area of the ionosphere; the disturbance amplitude of election density in lower altitude is larger than that in higher altitude and in daytime is larger than that in nighttime and the more H₂O is released, the larger disturbance is caused; Chemical release in nighttime can trigger spread-F in ionosphere and the more is released, the better development is caused.