地球同步轨道带动态监视光学系统样机及试验观测结果

地球同步轨道上目标数量多，运动形式多样.为了保障航天活动的安全，有必要开展地球同步轨道目标的动态监测，及时掌握发生在中国专属地球同步轨道带的空间事件.2015年12月地球同步轨道带动态监视光学系统样机正式安装在中国丽江高美古观测站.2015年12月至2016年2月，利用该样机对台站上空地球同步轨道带的样本天区开展了试验观测.结果表明，样机能够对27颗地球同步轨道目标进行连续监测，其中两颗为北美航空航天司令部未编目的目标；目标天文定位的内符精度在方位上约为4"，在俯仰上约为1".利用多圈次观测结果对轨道进行改进，在无轨控发生时，24h和48h点位预报精度在方位和俯仰上分别优于9"和2".以3颗GEO目标为例，通过实测资料对轨道变化事件进行了初步分析和验证. 

Optical Prototype and Experimental Results of Geosynchronous Orbit Dynamic Monitoring System

There are a large number of Geosynchronous Orbit (GEO) targets with variable motion form. In order to protect space activities and master the space activities happened in our exclusive orbit space, it is necessary to develop the dynamic monitoring of GEO. In December 2015, an optical prototype of GEO dynamic monitoring system was set up in Gaomeigu observation site of Lijiang observatory. Observation experiments were carried out by use of the prototype from December 2015 to February 2016. The results show that 27 GEO targets can be continuously monitored, and 2 of them are uncatalogued by North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD). The observation precision for GEO targets of the prototype is derived as well as 4" in azimuth and 1" in elevation. The target orbit is improved according to the multi-cycle observations, and in the absence of orbit control occurring, the precision of 24-hour and 48-hour position forecast is better than 9" in azimuth and 2" in elevation. Taking 3 GEO targets as examples, the preliminarily analysis and verification of the orbit variation events are carried out by use of the observation data.