单轴飞轮故障时的小卫星姿态控制方法研究

反作用飞轮和磁力矩器是现代小卫星姿态控制的主要执行机构,针对单轴反作用飞轮故障仅能提供两轴控制力矩的情况,提出了一种使用磁力矩器和反作用飞轮进行联合控制的算法。首先推导了一种拟PD姿态控制律,在此基础上提出了剩余两反作用飞轮和磁力矩器的控制力矩分配策略。仿真结果表明,该算法能够在单轴飞轮故障情况下完成小卫星高精度姿态控制任务,延长航天任务寿命,算法鲁棒性好,设计简单且易于在轨实时计算。

Attitude Control Method of Small Satellite in the Case of Single Reaction Wheel Failure

Magnetorquers and reaction wheels are the important control actuators for modern small satellites.A combined control method is proposed on the basis of both reaction wheels and magnetorquers to be used in case two axis control torques can be only provide in a single reaction wheel failed.A quasi-PD control algorithm is firstly developed,and then control techniques are developed to automatically re-distribute the required control torque among residual two reaction wheels and magnetorquers in case a single reaction wheel failed.Numerical simulations demonstrate the proposed technique can finish the high accuracy attitude control task of small satellite.It also prolongs life of space task.Another point is its excellent robustness,simple design,and real time calculation on-board.