运载火箭捷联惯组全自主对准技术应用研究

我国运载火箭发射前通常通过光学瞄准确定初始方位角,采用捷联惯组自对准解算获取水平姿态角。以可实现简易、快速发射的新型火箭为背景,在发射场阵风等干扰引起箭体低频微幅晃动的环境下,研究了捷联惯组自主对准技术。分析了运载火箭全自主对准的特点,利用以惯性系为参考基准的解析对准法和卡尔曼滤波精对准方法,对高精度全自主对准技术和其在运载火箭上的应用展开了详细论述。开展了全自主对准试验验证,结合新一代运载火箭首飞数据进行了分析。结果表明:捷联惯组全自主对准技术可替代复杂的光学瞄准系统,实现运载火箭发射前初始姿态的确定。

Application of Autonomous Alignment for Strapdown Inertial Measurement Unit on Launch Vehicle

Traditionally, before the launch vehicle is launched, the initial azimuth angle is usually determined by optical aiming and the attitude information is obtained by self-alignment computation of a strapdown inertial system. Against the background of a novel launch system which can provide an easy and quick launch, this paper mainly studies the autonomous alignment technique dedicated to the slightly shaking launch vehicle affected by wind gust and other disturbing factors in the launch field. The characteristics of the autonomous technique involved in the launch vehicle are analyzed, and two alignment methods are utilized. One is the analytical alignment method taking the inertial system as the reference, and the other is the fine alignment method based on Kalman filer. Furthermore, this paper also makes an in-depth analysis of the highly precise autonomous alignment technique and its application in the launch vehicle. Finally, the solution is verified through the relative experiment. Based on the real data collected from the maiden flight of a new generation of the launch vehicle, it is proved that the newly proposed autonomous alignment technique can be used to determine the initial attitude of the launch vehicle, replacing complicated optical aiming system.