Modulation of Galactic Cosmic Rays at Solar Minimum |
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Authors: | B Heber RA Burger |
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Institution: | (1) CEA, DSM/DAPNIA/Service d’Astrophysique, Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;(2) Space Research Unit, Dept. of Physics, Potchefstroom University for CHE, 2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa |
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Abstract: | Cosmic ray particles respond to the heliospheric magnetic field in the expanding solar wind and its turbulence and therefore
provide a unique probe for conditions in the changing heliosphere. During the last four years, concentrated around the solar
minimum period of solar cycle 22, the exploration of the solar polar regions by the joint ESA/NASA mission Ulysses revealed
the three-dimensional behavior of cosmic rays in the inner and middle heliosphere. Also during the last decades, the Pioneer
and Voyager missions have greatly expanded our understanding of the structure and extent of the outer heliosphere. Simultaneously,
numerical models describing the propagation of galactic cosmic rays are becoming sophisticated tools for interpreting and
understanding these observations. We give an introduction to the subject of the modulation of galactic cosmic rays in the
heliosphere during solar minimum. The modulation effects on cosmic rays of corotating interaction regions and their successors
in the outer heliosphere are discussed in more detail by Gazis, McDonald et al. (1999) and McKibben, Jokipii et al. (1999) in this volume. Cosmic-ray observations from the Ulysses spacecraft at high heliographic latitudes are also described
extensively in this volume by Kunow, Lee et al. (1999).
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. |
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