The Venus ionosphere |
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| Authors: | SJ Bauer LM Brace HA Taylor TK Breus AJ Kliore WC Knudsen AF Nagy CT Russell NA Savich |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute for Meteorology and Geophysics, University of Graz and Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-8010 Graz, Austria;2. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, U.S.A.;3. Space Research Institute, U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117810, U.S.S.R.;4. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, U.S.A.;5. Knudsen Geophysical Research, Monte Sereno, CA 95030, U.S.A.;6. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, U.S.A.;7. IGPP, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, U.S.A.;8. Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics, U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences, Moscow, U.S.S.R. |
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| Abstract: | Physical properties of the Venus ionosphere obtained by experiments on the US Pioneer Venus and the Soviet Venera missions are presented in the form of models suitable for inclusion in the Venus International Reference Atmosphere. The models comprise electron density (from 120 km), electron and ion temperatures, and relative ion abundance in the altitude range from 150 km to 1000 km for solar zenith angles from 0° to 180°. In addition, information on ion transport velocities, ionopause altitudes, and magnetic field characteristics of the Venus ionosphere, are presented in tabular or graphical form. Also discussed is the solar control of the physical properties of the Venus ionosphere. |
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