锂氟化碳电池对火星探测任务工况适应性研究

锂氟化碳电池在固体正极体系一次电池中拥有最高的理论比能量（约2180 W·h·kg-1），特别适合对载荷质量要求苛刻的深空探测任务。我国首个火星探测器“天问一号”在其着陆巡视器内部使用了一组锂氟化碳电池用于完成进入—下降—着陆段的供电任务。文章提炼锂氟化碳电池与深空探测应用密切相关的4项基本特性，根据火星探测任务的特点提出电池特性分析的新需求，并开展相关专项试验，进一步验证电池对任务的适应性。结果表明:锂氟化碳电池适应低倍率短时放电工况，具有耐受一定过充过放电的能力以及较好的抗辐照能力；电池对高温敏感，65 ℃以上贮存会导致电池寿命严重缩短，建议低温贮存。

The adaptability of LiCFx primary battery for Mars exploration mission

The Li/CF_x primary battery, with its highest theoretical energy density (about 2180 W·h·kg-1) among primary batteries made of solid cathode materials, is suitable for the deep space tasks involving strict constraints for the total mass of the probe. A group of Li/CF_x primary batteries is employed to power China’s first Mars exploration probe Tianwen-1 during its EDL stage. In this paper, four basic features of the Li/CF_x primary battery, closely related to the deep space explorations, are emphatically analyzed. The new demands to be covered in the analysis are proposed, and several specialized tests are carried out to further verify the adaptability of the batteries to the Mars exploration tasks. It is shown that the Li/CF_x primary battery is applicable under the low discharging rate and the short-term discharge, with adequate capability of enduring over-charging and over-discharging, and can survive a certain extent of irradiation as well. This kind of batteries should be stored at a low temperature, since its storage life will be severely shortened at temperature of above 65 ℃.