快速响应热流/温度传感器制备与试验研究*

针对高超声速飞行器在长时间试验中测量壁面温度和热流的要求,研究快速响应热流/温度传感器的制备工艺,介绍传感器在热流标定、表面温度测试和电弧风洞试验中的测试结果。利用光学显示设备对比研究三种不同的加压银钎焊工艺,结果表明无助焊剂的高纯度银钎焊工艺具有焊缝平整、厚度小、气孔少的优点。热流标定结果表明,水冷条件下传感器的98%响应时间约为0.35s,热沉条件下约为0.33s,在0.42 MW/m2～2.11MW/m2范围内,与标准传感器的偏差不大于6%;表面温度对比测量表明,传感器所测温度与热流具有线性关系,可以反映表面温度对气动加热的影响;电弧风洞试验表明,传感器可以用于长时间热防护试验的热流测量。

Fabrication and tests of the fast-responding sensor for temperature and heat flux measurement

A novel fast-responding sensor for heat flux and temperature measurement is fabricated and applied to heat flux calibration, surface temperature measurement and arc-heated wind tunnel tests, which aims at measuring surface temperature and heat flux simultaneously in hypersonic vehicle long-time tests. Three pressed silver blazing technologies are explored and compared using an optic microscopy instrument. As a result, smoother and thinner weld shape, less pores are achieved using the high-purity silver blazing without the use of fluxes. Heat flux calibration test indicates that the 98% response time is about 0.35s for the water-cooled sensor, and about 0.33s for the heat sink sensor, and deviation between the calibrated sensor and the standard one are not more than 6% in the range of 0.42MW/m2 ~2.11MW/m2 . Furthermore, temperature comparison test results show that measured temperature and heat flux have linear correlativity, which reflects the effects of surface temperature on aero-heating. Finally, arc-heated wind tunnel test verifies the application potential of the sensor in long-time thermal protection system tests.