长征运载火箭飞行控制技术的发展

介绍了新一代长征运载火箭(LMLVs)的型谱，并从四个方面对运载火箭控制系统的发展进行了综述。制导技术从开环制导发展到迭代制导，并针对大推力直接入轨和终端姿态约束要求，进一步发展了迭代制导算法，入轨精度大幅提升；姿态控制仍以PID技术为基础，采用空间模态和等效摆角的建模方法解决助推飞行段多个舱段发动机联合摇摆问题，结合自抗扰技术(ARDC)进行主动减载控制；自载人航天工程起开展系统性的可靠性设计研究，逐渐形成了以设备冗余、算法容错和系统在线重构等为特点的技术体系，促进了长征火箭控制系统可靠性的整体提升；电子系统从分立的集中式体系架构，发展为集成化的分布式数字控制系统。针对当前飞行控制技术的研究热点，本文最后总结了长征运载火箭在这方面的最新实践与发展趋势。

Development of Flight Control Technology of Long March Launch Vehicles

This paper firstly introduces the family of the new-generation Long March launch vehicles (LMLVs), and then reviews the evolution of their control systems from four aspects. The guidance method has developed from open-loop guidance, to iterative guidance, raising a variety of algorithms satisfying the large thrust direct injection and/or terminal attitude constraints, and greatly reducing the orbit injection errors. Based on the PID technology, the space modal and equivalent swing angle modeling are adopted in the attitude control method, to solve the problems of joint swing with side and core boosters’ engines; and an active load relief proposal is presented by combining with active-disturbance-rejection controller (ARDC). China’s Manned Space Program promotes the study on systematic reliability design, and a technical system has been formed gradually with the features of redundant devices, fault-tolerant algorithms, and onboard system reconfiguration, thus boosting the overall reliability improvement on the control system. The avionics system develops from the discrete, centralized architecture, to the integrated, distributed digital system. Finally, according to the current research focus in the aerospace control technologies, the latest practices and the prospects of LMLV’s flight control technology are summarized.